Not all dampness in buildings is due to rising damp. Leaking water pipes or failed roofs and gutters may allow water to percolate through masonry. Should the water intersect one of the many sources of salt, there is a potential for salt attack decay as the water evaporates, leaving behind a crumbled façade.
These decorative surfaces of the walls can be repaired with simple construction works, but the water (dampness) still remains within the walls. The dampness inside the walls behaves according to the physical factors in which it is found. These factors are always different (e.g. weather conditions) and affect the structure directly, especially the outer decorative layer of the building.
During the winter months when temperatures are below zero, the water in the walls freezes and devastates the structure of the wall. In summer and warmer months of the year, water takes on another state of matter and becomes gas (vapour). This also emits pressure to the structure.
Frost in winter and gas in summer and their rotation throughout the year have a slow, but very destructive, effect on the structure. The structure weakens and the decorative outer layer crumbles away.
Capillary rising damp is not of local character. It spreads through every wall in the building leaving the same damage and requiring difficult and expensive repairs.